Understanding the formulation of makeup products. This directory explains the commonly understood cosmetic purposes of various ingredients. Note: This information is for educational purposes and does not constitute medical advice or safety guarantees.
A naturally occurring alcohol compound and a humectant.
It is commonly used to attract and retain moisture in the skin, preventing formulas from drying out and helping makeup sit more comfortably on the surface.
Liquid foundations, primers, setting sprays, and cream blushes.
A group of silicate minerals that naturally occur in various types of rock.
When ground into a fine powder, mica reflects light. It is commonly used to provide a shimmering, luminous, or pearlescent finish to cosmetics.
Highlighters, eyeshadows, illuminating primers, and setting powders.
Chemical compounds composed of iron and oxygen (often synthetically produced for cosmetic purity).
They act as primary mineral pigments. By mixing red, yellow, and black iron oxides, formulators can create nearly any human skin tone shade.
Foundation, concealer, bronzer, and brown/black mascaras.
An inert earth mineral.
It is a brilliant white pigment that provides high opacity. It is commonly used to lighten the shades of other pigments and increase the coverage (opacity) of a formulation. It also reflects UV light, though cosmetic amounts do not replace dedicated sunscreen.
Full-coverage foundations, concealers, pressed powders, and sun protection products.
Synthetic polymers composed primarily of silicon, oxygen, and carbon.
They provide a unique "slip" or smooth texture, allowing products to glide easily over the skin. They can help temporarily fill in fine lines and create a water-resistant, flexible barrier.
Pore-filling primers, liquid foundations, and long-wear lipsticks.
Organic compounds that are solid at room temperature but pliable when warm.
Waxes provide structure, stability, and adherence. They help products stay in solid stick forms and aid in coating and clinging to surfaces, like eyelashes or lips.
Lipsticks, lip liners, mascaras, and eyebrow pencils.